LINKING WORDS OR CONNECTOR
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Linking words:
Arabic Meaning
So → إذا , , هكذا
But→ لكن
However →ومع ذلك , مهما
Though , even though→برغم ذلك
Although →بالرغم من , مع أن
Nevertheless→وبرغم ذلك , ومع ذلك
Whereas →في حين
Yet →فوق ذلك ,
Both→ كلا , كلتا
While → بينما , في حين
So that→ حتى , كي
Because→ بسبب
Due to →عائد , راجع إلى
On the one hand,…………..→ من جهة من ناحية
But on the other hand, ………→ ولكن من جهة أخرى
Thanks to → بفضل
Not only...but...as well→ ليس فحسب ولكن أيضاً
In addition, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore→ بالإضافة , زيادة على هذا
Except, But not→ باستثناء
Consequently, As a result→ نتيجة لهذا
In order to.., So as to ..→. من أجل
Like , Unlike→ , مثل ليس كمثل
Since→ بما أن , حيث أن
Even if→ حتى لو
Therefore→ إذاً
No matter → لا يهم
Regardless→ مهما يكن
Especially, in particular, Primarily,→ خصوصاً
Such as, like, for instance, for example→ مثل
In other words, that’s to say, which means that→ بعبارة أخرى
Etc, and so forth, and so on..→ إلخ …
as soon as→ حالما , حال ,فور
As long as → ما دام
Finally →في النهاية , ختاماً
In spite of → رغم
Despite→ على الرغم من
That’s why → لهذا السبب
above all→ فوق كل شيء
first of all→ أولاً
CAUSE EXPRESSIONS
EFFECT EXPRESSIONS
1.... because 1... as a result
2....because of... 2. consequently
3....cause of... 3...as aresult (of...)
4... Due to….... 4.therefore,.......
Example Sentences:Cause
1.There was flooding because heavy rain fell all night.
2.There was flooding because of the heavy rain.
3.The heavy rain was the cause ofthe flooding. .
4.Due to the heavy rain there was flooding.
Example Sentences:Effect
1.The standards of living in the home country is very low .So, many Africans migrate to Europe.
2.The standards of living in the home country is very low .as a consequence, many Africans migrate to Europe
3.The standards of living in the home country is very low .Cconsequently, many Africans migrate to Europe
4.The standards of living in the home country is very low .Therefore, many Africans migrate to Europe
5.Low standards of living in the home county result in immigration to Europe.
EXERCICE (1) :
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER:
Q1 - She went out ____ the rain.
although
despite.
however
Q2 - She went out ____ it was raining.
although
despite.
however
Q3 - She went out ____ the fact that it was raining.
although
despite
even though
Q4 - ____ she didn't like it, I enjoyed it a lot.
However
Although.
In spite of
Q5 - It was good, ____ expensive.
though
despite.
however
Q6 - I was late. _____, the others were all on time.
Although
However
Despite
Q7 - ____ I was late, the others were all on time.
Although
However
Despite
Q8 - They managed it ____ I wasn't there.
although
despite
however
Q9 - They managed it ____ the fact that I wasn't there.
although
however
despite
Q10 - ____ tired, he managed to finish it on time.
Though
Despite
However.
EXERCICE (2) :
FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE APPROPRIATE WORDS GIVEN IN THE LIST:
Although-Even though-despite-in spite of
1.'Our new neighbours are quite nice, their dog is a bit of a nuisance.
2.'She insisted on keeping her coat on, it was extremely warm in the house '
3' being severely handicapped, he managed to complete the race.'..'
4.'I managed to get good results in my exams, I didn't revise my lessons.'
5.' the appalling weather, they succeeded in walking to the top of Beni Snassen Mount.'
6.'They decided to get married the huge differences in their ages.'
7.' it was raining heavily, we finished the game of football.'
8.'We finished the game of football the heavy rain.'
9.' his strong Welsh accent, we understood most of what he was saying.'
10. feeling terribly sick, I went to work every day that week.'
EXERCICE (3) :
REWRITE THE SENTENCES USING THE WORDS GIVEN BETWEEN BRACKETS:
1. The rate of crime in big cities is higher because of urbanisation.(due to)
2. Waste material and chemicals that issue from factories are the cause of water pollution (result in)
3. Due to bad weather conditions, the flight was unable to leave until this morning. (Because)
4. It is thought that the number of cases of lung cancer and heart disease will increase by about 25% due to smoking. (As a consequence)
5. Peter was having problems with mathematics, so he went to see his teacher to ask for advice (therefore)
6. The government increased the duty on cigarettes. As a result, there was a fall in demand.(because of)
EXERCICE (1) :
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER:
1.Karen is rich; ___, her cousin Kate is poor.
a. therefore
b. however
c. otherwise
2.You'd better take a taxi. ___, you'll arrive late.
a. Consequently
b. Furthermore
c. Otherwise
3.I enjoy reading this new magazine. ___, it has good articles.
a. Moreover
b. Nevertheless
c. However
4.Phil was not thirsty; ___, he drank five glasses of water.
a. however
b. moreover
c. furthermore
5.The kids didn't study. ___, they failed the course.
a. Therefore
b. Nonetheless
c. Otherwise
6.You must book the tickets; ___, we won't be able to see that play.
a. otherwise
b. although
c. besides
7.Her Accent is quite good,_______some students can’t understand her
a. moreover
b.however
c. although
8.We live in the same building; ___, we hardly see each other.
a. however
b. therefore
c. furthermore
9.He didn't earn enough money. ___, his wife decided to get a job.
a. Moreover
b. Therefore
c. Although
10.That house isn't big enough for us, and ___, it's too expensive.
a. furthermore
b. as aresult
c. although
11.______She's extremely rich; she's not snobbish.
a. Although
b. however
c. otherwise
12.It was a windy and rainy night. ___, I decided to go out.
a. nevertheless
b. otherwise
c. hence
So → إذا , , هكذا
But→ لكن
However →ومع ذلك , مهما
Though , even though→برغم ذلك
Although →بالرغم من , مع أن
Nevertheless→وبرغم ذلك , ومع ذلك
Whereas →في حين
Yet →فوق ذلك ,
Both→ كلا , كلتا
While → بينما , في حين
So that→ حتى , كي
Because→ بسبب
Due to →عائد , راجع إلى
On the one hand,…………..→ من جهة من ناحية
But on the other hand, ………→ ولكن من جهة أخرى
Thanks to → بفضل
Not only...but...as well→ ليس فحسب ولكن أيضاً
In addition, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore→ بالإضافة , زيادة على هذا
Except, But not→ باستثناء
Consequently, As a result→ نتيجة لهذا
In order to.., So as to ..→. من أجل
Like , Unlike→ , مثل ليس كمثل
Since→ بما أن , حيث أن
Even if→ حتى لو
Therefore→ إذاً
No matter → لا يهم
Regardless→ مهما يكن
Especially, in particular, Primarily,→ خصوصاً
Such as, like, for instance, for example→ مثل
In other words, that’s to say, which means that→ بعبارة أخرى
Etc, and so forth, and so on..→ إلخ …
as soon as→ حالما , حال ,فور
As long as → ما دام
Finally →في النهاية , ختاماً
In spite of → رغم
Despite→ على الرغم من
That’s why → لهذا السبب
above all→ فوق كل شيء
first of all→ أولاً
CAUSE EXPRESSIONS
EFFECT EXPRESSIONS
1.... because 1... as a result
2....because of... 2. consequently
3....cause of... 3...as aresult (of...)
4... Due to….... 4.therefore,.......
Example Sentences:Cause
1.There was flooding because heavy rain fell all night.
2.There was flooding because of the heavy rain.
3.The heavy rain was the cause ofthe flooding. .
4.Due to the heavy rain there was flooding.
Example Sentences:Effect
1.The standards of living in the home country is very low .So, many Africans migrate to Europe.
2.The standards of living in the home country is very low .as a consequence, many Africans migrate to Europe
3.The standards of living in the home country is very low .Cconsequently, many Africans migrate to Europe
4.The standards of living in the home country is very low .Therefore, many Africans migrate to Europe
5.Low standards of living in the home county result in immigration to Europe.
EXERCICE (1) :
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER:
Q1 - She went out ____ the rain.
although
despite.
however
Q2 - She went out ____ it was raining.
although
despite.
however
Q3 - She went out ____ the fact that it was raining.
although
despite
even though
Q4 - ____ she didn't like it, I enjoyed it a lot.
However
Although.
In spite of
Q5 - It was good, ____ expensive.
though
despite.
however
Q6 - I was late. _____, the others were all on time.
Although
However
Despite
Q7 - ____ I was late, the others were all on time.
Although
However
Despite
Q8 - They managed it ____ I wasn't there.
although
despite
however
Q9 - They managed it ____ the fact that I wasn't there.
although
however
despite
Q10 - ____ tired, he managed to finish it on time.
Though
Despite
However.
EXERCICE (2) :
FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE APPROPRIATE WORDS GIVEN IN THE LIST:
Although-Even though-despite-in spite of
1.'Our new neighbours are quite nice, their dog is a bit of a nuisance.
2.'She insisted on keeping her coat on, it was extremely warm in the house '
3' being severely handicapped, he managed to complete the race.'..'
4.'I managed to get good results in my exams, I didn't revise my lessons.'
5.' the appalling weather, they succeeded in walking to the top of Beni Snassen Mount.'
6.'They decided to get married the huge differences in their ages.'
7.' it was raining heavily, we finished the game of football.'
8.'We finished the game of football the heavy rain.'
9.' his strong Welsh accent, we understood most of what he was saying.'
10. feeling terribly sick, I went to work every day that week.'
EXERCICE (3) :
REWRITE THE SENTENCES USING THE WORDS GIVEN BETWEEN BRACKETS:
1. The rate of crime in big cities is higher because of urbanisation.(due to)
2. Waste material and chemicals that issue from factories are the cause of water pollution (result in)
3. Due to bad weather conditions, the flight was unable to leave until this morning. (Because)
4. It is thought that the number of cases of lung cancer and heart disease will increase by about 25% due to smoking. (As a consequence)
5. Peter was having problems with mathematics, so he went to see his teacher to ask for advice (therefore)
6. The government increased the duty on cigarettes. As a result, there was a fall in demand.(because of)
EXERCICE (1) :
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER:
1.Karen is rich; ___, her cousin Kate is poor.
a. therefore
b. however
c. otherwise
2.You'd better take a taxi. ___, you'll arrive late.
a. Consequently
b. Furthermore
c. Otherwise
3.I enjoy reading this new magazine. ___, it has good articles.
a. Moreover
b. Nevertheless
c. However
4.Phil was not thirsty; ___, he drank five glasses of water.
a. however
b. moreover
c. furthermore
5.The kids didn't study. ___, they failed the course.
a. Therefore
b. Nonetheless
c. Otherwise
6.You must book the tickets; ___, we won't be able to see that play.
a. otherwise
b. although
c. besides
7.Her Accent is quite good,_______some students can’t understand her
a. moreover
b.however
c. although
8.We live in the same building; ___, we hardly see each other.
a. however
b. therefore
c. furthermore
9.He didn't earn enough money. ___, his wife decided to get a job.
a. Moreover
b. Therefore
c. Although
10.That house isn't big enough for us, and ___, it's too expensive.
a. furthermore
b. as aresult
c. although
11.______She's extremely rich; she's not snobbish.
a. Although
b. however
c. otherwise
12.It was a windy and rainy night. ___, I decided to go out.
a. nevertheless
b. otherwise
c. hence
CORRECTION :EXERCISE(1):**FROM
CONJUNCTIONS PAGE**
1.though/although/eventhough
2. though/although/eventhough
3.despite/in spite of
4. though/although/eventhough
5. despite/in spite of
6. despite/in spite of
7. although/eventhough
8. despite/in spite of
9. despite/in spite of
10. despite/in spite of
CORRECTION :EXERCISE(2):**FROM CONJUNCTIONS PAGE**
Q1 despite. Q2 although. Q3 despite. Q4 Although. Q5 though. Q6 However. Q7Although. Q8 although. Q9 despite. Q10 Though
CORRECTION :EXERCISE(3):**FROM CONJUNCTIONS PAGE**
1. The rate of crime in big cities is higher due to urbanisation
2. Waste material and chemicals that issue from factories result in water pollution.
3. The flight was unable to leave until this morning because the weather conditions were bad.
4. It is thought that the number of cases of lung cancer and heart disease will increase by about 25% as a consequence of smoking.
5. Peter was having problems with mathematics; therefore, he went to see his teacher to ask for advice
6. Because of the duty increase on cigarettes, there was a fall in demand
CORRECTION :EXERCISE(4):**FROM CONJUNCTIONS PAGE**
1. b. however 2. Otherwise 3. a. Moreover 4. a. however
5. a. Therefore 6. a. otherwise 7. b.however 8. a. however
9.b therefore 10. a. furthermore 11. a. Althoug 12. c. hence
1.though/although/eventhough
2. though/although/eventhough
3.despite/in spite of
4. though/although/eventhough
5. despite/in spite of
6. despite/in spite of
7. although/eventhough
8. despite/in spite of
9. despite/in spite of
10. despite/in spite of
CORRECTION :EXERCISE(2):**FROM CONJUNCTIONS PAGE**
Q1 despite. Q2 although. Q3 despite. Q4 Although. Q5 though. Q6 However. Q7Although. Q8 although. Q9 despite. Q10 Though
CORRECTION :EXERCISE(3):**FROM CONJUNCTIONS PAGE**
1. The rate of crime in big cities is higher due to urbanisation
2. Waste material and chemicals that issue from factories result in water pollution.
3. The flight was unable to leave until this morning because the weather conditions were bad.
4. It is thought that the number of cases of lung cancer and heart disease will increase by about 25% as a consequence of smoking.
5. Peter was having problems with mathematics; therefore, he went to see his teacher to ask for advice
6. Because of the duty increase on cigarettes, there was a fall in demand
CORRECTION :EXERCISE(4):**FROM CONJUNCTIONS PAGE**
1. b. however 2. Otherwise 3. a. Moreover 4. a. however
5. a. Therefore 6. a. otherwise 7. b.however 8. a. however
9.b therefore 10. a. furthermore 11. a. Althoug 12. c. hence
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